Latest Biological Science Reviewer 11

1.To whom is the formulation of the cell theory attributed?

I. Theodor Schwann

II. Matthias Schleiden

III. Rudulph Virchow

A. I only

B. I and II

C. II only

D. only and III

Ans: B. I and II

- credit for developing cell theory is usually given to two scientist: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden. While Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory, he is not as credited for his attribution toward it. In 1855, he added the third component of the theory proposing that cells come from pre-existing cells.

2. What are the cell tenets of the cell theory?

I.  All living organism are composed of one or more cells

II. Cell is the basic un of structure and organization in organisms

III. Cells arise from pre-existing cells

IV. Cells need nourishment to divide.

A. I, II and III

B. II and III

C. I and II

D. I and III

Ans: A. I, II and III

- The cell theory states:

·         All living organism are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular

·         The cell is the basic unit of life.

·         Cells arise from pre-existing cells.(They are not derived from spontaneous generation.)

3. Which is NOT a part occurs within cells

A. Energy flow occurs within cells

B. Living organisms may unicellular or multicellular

C. All cells have the same basic chemical compistion

D. Heredity information (DNA) is passes on from cell to cell

Ans: B. Living organisms may unicellular or multicellular

- The modern version of the Cell theory includes the ideas that:

·         Energy flow occurs within cells

·         Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell

·         All cells have the same basic chemical composition

4. With statements is TRUE of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while Prokaryotes do not have

B. Prokaryotes have a nucleus while eukaryotes do not have

C. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have no nucleus

D. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have nucleus

Ans: A. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while Prokaryotes do not have

- The biggest difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have nucleus. Eukaryotes organize different functions within  specialized membrane-bound compartments called organelle. These structures do not exist in Prokaryotes.

5. Which of the following is an example of prokaryotic cell?

A. Animal cell

B. Bacterial cell

C. Eukaryote

D. Plant cell

Ans: B. Bacterial cell

-Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes. Prokaroytes cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle. Prokaryotes include two groups: bacteria and another group called archaea.

6. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Prokaryotic cells came before Eukaryotes cells

B. Prokaryotic cells are bigger than Eukaryotic cells

C. Eukaryotic cells are simple, Prokaryotic cells are complex

D. Eukaryotic cells do not have nucleus, prokaryotic cells do.

Ans: A. Prokaryotic cells came before Eukaryotes cells

- Prokaryotic cells are often thought to be the first life on the planet. Evidence supports the idea that eukaryotes cells are actually the descendants of separate prokaryotic cells that joined together in a symbolic.

7. A cells has nucleus is complex and large and has membrane organelles. What type of cell is this?

A. Bacteria

B. Eukaryotic

C. Prokaryotic

D. Not enough information is given

Ans: B. Eukaryotic

- See the explanation on item 64

8. Which cellular part/s is/are found in plants but NOT in animals

I. Chloroplasts

II. Plastids

III. Centrioles

A. I only

B. I and II

C. I and III

D. II and III

Ans: B. I and II

- Plant and animal cells have several difference and similarities. For example anima; cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplast but plants cells do. Animal cells are rounded and irregular in shape while plants cells are both eukaryotic cells so they have several features in common, such as the presence of a cell oraganelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.

	Animal Cell versus Plant Cell comparison chart
	Animal Cell	Plant Cell
Cell wall	Absent	Present (formed of cellulose)
Shape	Round	Rectangular (fixed shape)
Vacuole	One more small vacuoles (much smaller than plants cells)	One, large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume
Centrioles	Present in all animal cell	Only present in lower plant forms
Chloroplast	Animal cell don’t have chloroplasts	Plant cells have chloroplast because they make their own food
Cytoplasm	Present	Present
Ribosomes	Present	Present
Mitochondria	Present	Present
Plastids	Present	Present
Endoplasmic Reticulum(smooth and Rough)	Present	Present
Golgi Apparatus	Present	Present
Plasma Membrane	Only cell membrane	Cell wall and a cell membrane
Microtubules/ Microfilaments	Present	Present
Flagella	May be found in some	May be found in some cells
Lysosomes	Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm	Lysosomes usually not evident
Nucleus	Present	Present
Cilia	Present	Most plants cell do not contain cilia

9. Which cellular part is NOT found in animal cells but found in plants?

A. Cell membrane

B. Cell wall

C. Centiole

D. Vacuoles

Ans: B. Cell wall

- See explanation

10. Which applies to animal cells but NOT to plants cells?

A. Irregular shapes

B. Plastids

C. Rectangular shapes

D. Cell wall

Ans: A. Irregular shapes

- See explanation on item 68

11. If placed in a hypertonic solution a plant cell will __________.

A. burst

B. swell

C. shrink in size

D. remain constant in size

Ans: C. shrink in size

- When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution the water inside the cell (highest concentration) moves out of the cell (lowest concentration) causing the pant cell to shrink and the plant wilts because there is a loss of turgor pressure.

12. The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen carbon dioxide glucose and glucose to pass through. Because other substance are blocked from entering this membrane is called ______.

A. non-conductive

B. permeable

C. perforated

D. semi-permeable

Ans: D. semi-permeable

- A semi-permeable membrane is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions pass through it by diffusion –or occasionally transport. Semi-permeable membrane describes a membrane that allows some particles to pass through (by size), whereas the selectively permeable membrane “chosen” what passes through (size is not a factor).

13. Which is/are TRUE of passive transport cells?

I. requires no energy from the cell

II. Requires energy from the cell

III. Examples of passive transport are the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide and osmosis of water.

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II

D. II and III

Ans: C. I and II

- Passive transport doesn’t require energy (ATP),active transport does require energy. Passive transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient (high to low) while active transport. Moves molecules against the concentration gradient (low to high). There are multiples forms of passive transport :simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion filtration and osmosis. Passive transport occurs because of the entropy of the system, so additional  energy isn’t required for it t occur.

14. Which is/are TRUE of active transport in cells?

I. Requires no energy from cell

II. Requires energy from the cell usually in the form of ATP

III. Examples include transport of large molecules (non-lipid soluble) and the sodium potassium pump

A. II only

B. III only

C. I and III

D. II and III

Ans: D. II and III

- Active transport requires the cell to spend energy, usually in the form of ATP. Examples include transport of large molecules (non-lipids solube) and the sodium potassium pump passive transport requires no energy from the cell. Examples include the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide, osmosis of water and facilitated diffusion.

15. Which is responsible for the movement of amino acids, glucose and fatty acids into the blood stream?

A. Facilitated diffusion

B. Filtration

C. Osmosis

D. Simple diffusion

Ans: A. Facilitated diffusion

- In simple diffusion, solutes move from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. In facilitated diffusion, solutes move across a membrane from higher to lower concentration with the aid of trans membrane  proteins. In filtration, solute and solvent molecules and ions cross a membrane because of hydrostatic pressure. Molecules small to pass through the filter may pass. In osmosis, solvent molecule move from lower to higher solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. Note this make the solute molecules more dilute.

16. Which error/s or mutation/s in DNA has/have no impact on the DNA sequence?

A. Missense Mutation

B. Silent mutation

C. Runaway mutation

D. Silent mutation

Ans: B. Silent mutation

- Silent mutation are mutations in DNA that do not significantly alter the phenotype of the organism in which they occur.

17. Which of describe/s misense mutation?

I. Alter amino acid sequence

II. May multiply overtime that leads to cycle disruption and the formation of tumors

III. Does not alter amino acids sequences

A. I only

B. II only

C. III only

D. I and II only

Ans: D. I and II only

- Missense mutations occur when the DNA change alters a single amino acid in the polypeptide chain. Chemical mutagens have been shown to cause missense ,mutations leading leading to cancer

18. Which of the following stages of mitosis occur?

I. Interphase

II. Prophase

III. Prometaphase

IV. Metaphase

V. Anaphase

VI. Telophase

A. I-II-III-IV-V-VI

B. III-I-IIIV-V-VI

C. II-III-IV-I-V-VI

D. I-III-II-V-IV-VI

Ans:

- Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle which a typical cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies ist DNA in preparation for mitosis. Mitosis is a nucleus division plus cytokinesis and produce two identical daughter cells during prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

19. Which one contains the hereditary materials?

A. ADP

B. ATP

C. DNA

D. RNA

Ans: C. DNA

- DNA, sometimes called a genetic blue print contains the hereditary material in nearly all organism. This improper copying of DNA produce two types of error, or mutations. Silent mutations have impact on DNA sequence, but missense mutations which alter amino acid sequence often impact the association  function. Missense mutations  can multiply over time, leading to cell cycle disruption and the formation of tumors. Which are the product of runaway cell reproduction. Cancer occurs when mutated cells ignore or override the normal “check points” regulating mitosis and begin to reproduce uncontrollably.

20. Meiosis involves ____ successive cell division and results in_____ daughter cells

A. 2:4

B. 2:6

C. 3:6

D. 2:8

Ans: A. 2:4

- Meiosis begins with a  parent cell that is diploid, meaning it has two copies of each chromosomes. The parent cell undergoes one round of DNA replication followed by two separate cycles of nuclear division. The process results in four daughter cells that are haploid , which means they contain half the number of chromosomes of the diploid parent cell.

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