1. Which of the following correctly represents the order of
organization of an animal’s body?
A. Cells, tissues, organs, organs system
B. Cells tissue, organ system, organs
C. Organs system, tissue, organs, cells
D. Organs system, organs, cells, tissues
Ans: A. Cells, tissues, organs, organs system
- Specialized cells functions together to from tissues. Tissues
build organs and interacting organs from organ systems.
2. Stomach, skin, and liver area examples of ___________.
A. cells
B. organs
C. organ system
D. tissues
Ans: Group of organs that work together that performs specific
functions for the organism make up the organ systems. Stomach and liver are
organs of the digestive system while is an organ of integumentary system.
3.Which of the following is the function of epithelial tissues?
A. Join together body structures
B. Covers the body and its organs
C. Carries information throughout
D. Contact in responses to signals from spinal cord and brain
Ans: B. Covers the body and its organs
- Most animals have four types of tissue: epithelial, connective,
muscle and nervous. Epithelial tissues cover the body and its organ. These
tissues protect the underlying tissues sense. Stimuli and secrete substance.
Connectve tissues join together body structures providing support. Muscle
Tissues consist of cell that provides
protection and support. The exoskeleton of arthropods are made up of a
layer of non-living material known as chitin. An internal hard skeleton is
called endoskeleton.
4. Which is a description of endo skeleton?
A. It is an internal hard skeleton
B. It does not contain hard structures such as bones
C. It is composed of a layer of non-living material called chitin
D. It is a support system consisting of a body compartment filled
with fluid under pressure
Ans: A. It is an internal hard skeleton
- Various groups of animal have evolved with three distinct type
of skeletons. A hydrostatic skeleton is a support system consisting of a body
compartment filled with fluid under pressure. Unlike human skeleton, they do
not contain any hard structures like bones. An exoskeleton is a hard covering
on the outside of the body that provides protection and support. The
exoskeleton of arthropods are made up of layer of non-living material known as
chitin. An internal hard skeleton is called endoskeleton.
5. Which of the following
belong to axial skeleton?
I. Skull
II. Arm bones
III. Vertebal column
IV. Rib cage
Ans: D. I, III and IV
- The human skelton is divided into two main groups or categories
of bones axial and appedicular. The Axial skeleton consist of the skull, hyoid
bone, auditory ossicles vertebral column (also called the spine or backbone)
sternum bone and ribs (which together with the sternum form the throat’). The
arm and leg bones of the pelvis and should areas, form the appendicular
skeleton.
6. Which are finger like projections that lines the small
intestine making absorption more efficient?
A. Chyme
B. Colon
C. Peristalsis
D. Villi
Ans: D. Villi
- Villi are finger projection that line the internal surface of
the small intestine, increasing its surface area making absorption more
efficient. Chyme is a soft pulp in the stomach made up of acids and partially
digested proteins and carbohydrates. Peristalsis is the successive wave of
smooth muscle contractions in the esophagus wall.
7. Where is digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
completed?
A. Large intestine
B. Mouth
C. Small intestine
D. Stomach
Ans: C. Small intestine
- After about three hours in the stomach, food is reduced to chime
which is composed of acids, partially digested proteins and carbohydrates and
undigested fats. In the small intestine are absorb. In the large intestine,
water and water-soluble vitamins are absorb from undigested material.
8. Which is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
A. Taking in nutrients
B. Retarding water loss
C. Regulating body temperature
D. Preventing the entry of microorganisms
Ans: A. Taking in nutrients
- The integumentary
system covers the body and consis
of the skin, it glands hair and nails.
Choices B, C and D are important functions of the integumenary system. Choice A
taking in nutrients is a function of the digestive system.
9. Which layer of epidermis is found on the palms of our hands
and soles of our feet?
A. Stratum basale
B. Stratum corneum
C. Stratum granulosum
D. Stratum lucidum
Ans: D. Stratum lucidum
- The epiderm is the outer layer of the skin. Is made up of four
to five main layers. Stratum Lucidum also known as “Thick skin” because it has
five epidermal layers instead of four. This layer is only easily found in
certain hairless parts of our body namely the palms of our hand and the sole of
our feet. The stratum basale also calledthe stratu germinativum, is the basal
(base) layer of the epidermis. The stratum spinosum is partly responsible for
the skin’s strength and flexibility. The stratum corneum is the only layer of
skin we see with or eyes.
10. What are tiny sacs within the lungs that allow oxygen and
carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream?
A. Alveoili
B. Bronchiloles
C. Larynx
D. Pharynx
ANS: A. Alveoili
- Air gets inside the body and passes through a series of tubes.
The first tube that air enters is the pharynx branches into the esophagus a
tube that leads to the stomach and the larynx. Leads to the trachea, the main
passage way to the lungs. The trachea braches into two main section each called a bronchus. Each
of these bronchi then branch into more
bronchi. Those, in turn branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the
end of each of the many tiny branches of our bronchial tree, we find occurring
between the circulatory and respiratory system takes place in the alveoli.
11. What is the role of pleurae in the respiratory system?
A. To produce mucus
B. To facilitate gas exchange
C. To protect and lubricate the lungs
D. To destroy foreign bodies in the lungs
Ans: B. To facilitate gas exchange
- Pleurae are serous membrane that enfold both lungs and are
reflected upon the walls of the thorax and diaphragm. The pleurae are moistened
with a serous secretion that reduces friction thereby protecting and
lubricating the lungs during respiratory.
12. Which is the correct sequence of urine formation?
A. Secretion-Filtration-Reabsorption
B. Filtration-Reabsorption-Secretion
C. Filtration-Secretion-Reabsorption
D. Reabsorption-Filtration-Secretion
Ans: B. Filtration-Reabsorption-Secretion
- Urine is formed through a combination of four basic process: 1)
glomerular filtration 2) tubular secretion and 4) water conservation. As blood
flows through the glomerulus, blood pressure pushes water and solutes from the
capillaries into the capsule through a filtration membrane. This fluid is
called filtrate. As the filtrate moves along the tubules, it is called a
tubular fluid. Most of the water and many other molecules are reabsorb into the
blood, while some substances are secreted into the tubular fluid. Once the
fluid, moves into the collecting duct, it is called urine. While in the
collecting duct, additional water is removed from the urine concentrating the
wastes.
13. All of the following are parts of the urinary system EXCEPT
A. gallbladder
B. kidney
C. ureters
D. urethra
Ans: A. gallbladder
- Gallbladder is part of the digestive system. The
gallbladder holds bile produced in the
liver until it is needed for digesting fatty foods in the duodenum of the small
intestine. The kidneys remove wastes from the blood and process them into
urine. Ureters are narrow tubes carry urine from the kidney to the bladder.
Urethra is a tube that follows urine to pass outside the body.
14. Where does exchange of materials between the blood and
surrounding tissues takes place?
A. Arteries
B. Atrium
C. Capillaries
D. Veins
Ans: C. Capillaries
- Most of the exchange of gases, nutrients and waste happen by
diffusion through the thin capillary walls. Arteries are blood vessel that
carry blood away from the heart. They deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart
to the tissues of the body. Blood returns to the heart in veins. The atrium is
the upper chamber in which blood enters the heart.
15. Which of the following secrete antibodies specific to combat
infectious microorganisms and other foreign substances?
A. Antioventricular node
B. Diastole
C. Sinoatrial mode
D. Sytole node
Ans: D. Sytole node
- Nodes are masses of nerve and muscle cells send out electrical
signals that control the heart beat. The impulse of contraction of the heart
originates in the sinoatrial node or SA node located in the right atrium close
to the point of entry of the vena cava. The SA node’s dignal travels to the
atrioventicular node or AV node that signals the ventricles to contract. A
heartbeat has two part, the systole and the diastole. Systole is the
contraction of the heart and the time
when the heart muscle is a pumping blood. Diastole is the time when the
heart muscle is relaxing and filling up again with blood.
16. Which of the following secrete antibodies specific to combat
infectious microorganism and other foreign substance?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Macrophage
C. Micropage
D. Phagocytes
And: A. Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) necessary in the
immune system because they secrete antibodies specific to different
invading pathogens.
17. Which term in anatomy means cluster of nerve cells?
A. Axons
B. Dendrites
C. Ganglia
D. Neurons
Ans: C. Ganglia
- Gangalia are nerve cell cluster situated in the autonomic
nervous system and sensory system.
Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system and its most important part
is the brain. Every neuron contains a soma or cell body, which contains the
nucleus; an axon, which carries an electric impulse; and one more dendritic trees,
which typically receive input.
18. Which is the main function of interneurons?
A. Sends information across the synapse
B. Conduct impulses within the central nervous system
C. Conduct impulses away from the central nervous
D. Which is the main function of interneurons
Ans: B. Conduct impulses within the central nervous system
- There are different types of neurons based on function. Sensory
neurons conducts nerve impulses toward the central nervous system. Motor
neurons conduct from the nervous system. Interneurons conduct impulses within
the central nervous system. Interneurons connect with sensory neurons, motor
neurons.
19. Which glands secretes melatonin which controls body function
in response to daylight changes?
A. Adrenal glands
B. Parathyroid gland
C. Pineal gland
D. Thyroid gland
Ans: C. Pineal gland
- The pineal gland also called conarium, produce melatonin s
serotonin derived hormone which modulate sleep patterns in both circadian and
seasonal cycles. Rene Descartes described the pineal gland as the “principal
seat of the soul” Many called it the “third eye”. It sits alone in the middle
of the brain and at the same level as the eyes.
20. Which hormone regulates the retention of water in the kidney?
A. Glucagon
B. Oxytocin
C. Thymosin
D. Vasopressin
Ans: D. Vasopressin
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also known as vasopressin is a
hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior
pituitary gland. It tells the kidneys how much water to conserve. Dehydration
triggers the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary and the kidneys in
response retain water from the blood that filter through the kidneys. Without ADH or when it is
suppressed by alcohol, the kidneys do not retain water form the blood and most of th water leaves
the body in the urine.
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