1. A person with two copies of the C₁ allele has curly hair two
copies of the C₂ allele produce straight hair. Heterozygotes, with the C₁ C₂
genotype have wavy hair. The inheritance of hair texture in humans is an
example of ______________.
A. co-dominance
B. incomplete dominance
C. pleiotropy
D. polygenic inheritance
Ans: B. incomplete dominance
- When the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two
homozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotype, the
pattern of inheritance is known as incomplete dominance incomplete dominant
alleles which are called and C₂.
2. A man with type A blood has a children with a woman who has
type O blood. What is the chance that they have a child with type AB blood?
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 2%%
D. 0%
Ans: D. 0%
-People with genotypes AA has only Type A glycoprotiens and have
type A blood. Those with genotypes BB synthesis only Type B glycoprotiens and
have Type B blood. Homozygous recessive individuals lack both types of
glycoprotiens and have Type O blood. In people with type AB blood, both enzymes
are present, so the plasma membranes of their red blood cells have both A and B
glycoprotiens.
3. What is the manifestation of the iteraction between genotype
and environment in Siamese cat. ?
A. Being fond of people
B. Presence of a long tail
C. Its pointed and elegant look
D. Appearance of dark fur nose, ears, paws and tail
Ans: D. Appearance of dark fur nose, ears, paws and tail
- An example of environmental effets on gene action happens in
Siamese cats. All Siamese cats are born with pale fur but , within the first
few weeks, the ears, nose, paws and tail turn dark. A Siamese cat actually has
the genotype for dark fur all over its body. The gradual shading of the extremities
is caused by a recessive gene with temperature-sensitive expression. After they
are born, the ears, nose, paws, and tail become cooler than the rest of the
body, and dark pigment is produced here.
4. What is usually being influenced by environment in inheritance?
A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Sex-linked traits
D. Sex-limited characteristics
Ans: B. Phenotype
- There are amny instances of environmental influence or gene
expressions. However it is significant to keep in mind that there is a very
complex interaction between genes and environmental that defines the phenotype.
5. What happens during DNA transcription?
A. Transfer RNA delivers the appropriate amino acids to the
ribosomes
B. Ribosomal RNA combines with dozens of proteins to form a
ribosome
C. The base sequence of mRNA encodes the amino acid sequence of
protein
D. The information contained in the DNA of a specific gene is
copied into messenger RNA.
Ans: D. The information contained in the DNA of a specific gene is
copied into messenger RNA.
- Information in DNA is used to direct the synthesis of proteins in two steps,
called transcription and translation. Transcription is the initial step of gene
expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into mRNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Options B and C
occur during translation.
6. What is the more recognizable term for condition Trisomy 21?
A. Down syndrome
B. Jacob syndrome
C. Klinefelter syndrome
D. Turner syndrome
Ans: A. Down syndrome
- If a baby is born with three number 21 chromosomes, rather than
the usual pair, then the baby would be said to have “trisomy” 21. “trisomy” 21
is also known as Down syndrome. It is a genetic disorder that involves birth
defects, intellectual disabilities, characters facial features like small mouth
held partially open because it cannot accommodate the tongue.
7. A short female was
found to have premature ovarian failure have extra folds of skin on the neck,
swollen hands and feet, kidney defects an hearing loss. What chromosomal
condition does she suffer form?
A. Down syndrome
B. Jacob syndrome
C. Klinefelter syndrome
D. Turner syndrome
Ans: D. Turner syndrome
- Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects development in females. The most
common feature of Turner syndrome is short stature, which becomes evident by
about age 5. At puberty , hormone deficiencies prevent females form
menstruating or developing secondary sexual characteristics. It is also known
as 45 or XO because females suffering from this condition are partly or
completely missing an X chromosomes. Hence, they display X-linked recessive
disorders such as hemophilia and color blindness.
8. Which of the following cause Klinefelter syndrome?
A. Extra copy of chromosome 21
B. Only one X chromosomes for female
C. Two X chromosomes and Y chromosomes
D. Two Y chromosomes and one X chromosomes
Ans: C. Two X chromosomes and Y chromosomes
- A male with two X
chromosomes and one Y chromosomes is suffering from Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY).
Most of these males go through life never realizing that they have an extra X
chromosomes. However, at puberty some show mixed secondary sexual
characteristics including partial breast development, broadening of the hips
and small testes.
9. Some people [people from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan were
discovered to have cancer. To which may this be attributed?
A. Chemical in tobacco
B. Radioactive Fallout from Atomic Bomb
C. Ultraviolet radiation
D. X-rays
Ans: B. Radioactive Fallout from Atomic Bomb
- In august 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs to the
Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagaski. The ionizing radiation from the
atomic bombs deposited molecular-bond-breaking energy to some survivors which
damaged their DNA, thus altering genes.
10, Which type of mutation happens when nucleotides are added or
deleted by a number other than multiple of three?
A. Deletion Mutation
B. Frameshift mutation
C. Insertion mutation
D. Substitution mutation
Ans: B. Frameshift mutation
- In a frameshift mutation, nucleotides are added or deleted by a
number other than a multiple of three. Because triplets of DNA bases specify
amino acids, such an addition or deletion disturbs the codon reading frame. It
likely to alter the sequence of amino acids or cause premature stop codons.
11. The gene called Bt derived from bacterium bacillus damage the
digestive tract of insect but not mammals. What is the genetically engineered
trait of the crop possessing this gene?
A. Altered ripening
B. Resistance to disease
C. Resistnace to herbicide
D. Resistance to pest
Ans: D. Resistance to pest
- The insec resistance of many crops has been enhanced by giving
them a gene known as Bt from Bacillus thuringiensis. When insect ingest toxin
crytasls, their alkaline digestive tracts denature insoluble crystals, making
them soluble and thus amenable to being cut with protease found in the insect
gut, which liberate the toxin from the toxin the crystals.
12. Which of the following bioengineered crops whose oil was made
healthier for human consumption?
A. Canola
B. Coconut
C. Corn
D. Cotton
Ans: A. Canola
- Canola (or rapseed), Brassica
napus, is an oilseed crop which is cultivated for its high quality
edible oil ued in man foods such as margarines and cooking oil. By making it
genetically modified, its oil can be made healthier for human consumption.
13. What is/are the objective/s of the Human Genome Project?
I. to determine what may genes can do
II. To have an enormous impact on medical practice
III. Appreciate our place in the evolution of life on Earth
IV. Help diagnose genetic disorder predisposition and to devise
treatment in the future
A. I only
B. II and III only
C. I, II, and III only
D. I, II, III and IV
Ans: D. I, II, III and IV
- The Human Genome project was an international scientific
research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotides base
pairs that make up human DNA. And identifying and mapping all of the genes of
the human genome. The sequence of the human genome holds benefits for many
fields, from molecular medicine to human evolution. All options are considered
reasons for conducting the Human Genome Project
14. What disease is usually being diagnose by the Restriction
Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis?
A. Albinism
B. Alzheimer disease
C. Congenital Heart Disease
D. Sickle-cell Anemia
Ans. D. Sickle-cell Anemia
- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, or RFLPs is a
technique that exploits variation in homologous DNA sequence. Analysis of RFLP
variation in genomes was a vital tool in genome mapping and genetic disease
analysis. It has become a standard technique for diagnosing sickle-cell anemia,
even in a embryo. This is done by initially determining the chromosomal
location of a particular disease gene. Then by analyzing the DNA of members of
a family afflicted by the disease, and looking for RFLP alleles show a similar
pattern of inheritance as that of the disease.
15. Which of the following is the BEST definition of evolutionary
fitness?
A. The measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool
of the next generation
B. The relative health of each individual in the population
C. The ability to mutate an individual’s DNA
D. The ability to survive for a long time
Ans: A. The measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene
pool of the next generation
- Organism with highest evolutionary fitness are the one that have
the greatest reproductive success.
16. Which type of natural selection is manifestated in the
occurrence of large or small beak sizes among seed crackers in the absence of
medium-sized beaks?
A. Directional
B. Disruptive
C. Stabilizing
D. Not enough information given
Ans: B. Disruptive
- Bird population with extreme break sizes only are examples of
disruptive selections, two or more extreme phenotypes survive at the expenses
of intermediate population. Stabilizing selection, an intermediate phenotypes
has an advantage over individual with extreme phenotypes.
17. Which of the following may counter the effects of natural
selection?
A. Gene flow
B. Genetic drift
C. Mutation
D. Sexual Dimorphism
And: A. Gene flow
- Gene Flow may counter the effects of natural selection by
bringing in alleles to a population at a greater rate than selection removes
them.
18. Ten thousand years ago, cheetahs were very common in many
areas. Today, just two isolated population live in South and East Africa,
numbering only a few thousands animals. What genetic drift is being experienced
by cheetahs?
A. Artificial Selection
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Founder effect
D. Mutation
Ans: B. Bottleneck effect
-Genetic drift may result from a population bottleneck, which
occurs when a population’s size drops rapidly over a short period of time. The
founder effect, on the other hand, occurs when a small group of individual
leaves its home population and establish a new isolated settlement.
19. Which evolutionary mechanism is a change in allele
frequencies that occurs purely by chance and tends to eliminate alleles from a
population?
A. Genetic drift
B. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
C. Migration
D. Mutation
Ans: A. Genetic drift
- Genetic Drift is a change in allele frequencies that occurs
purely by chance and tends to eliminate alleles from a population. At
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Allele frequencies remain unchanged. Migration is
the movement of individuals into or out of a population. Non-random mating is
choosing mates based on location. Physical traits or other factors.
20. Which of the following are important water-soluble molecules
and re very effective energy-yielding nutrients?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Nucleic Acids
D. Proteins
Ans: A. Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates, particularly mono-and disaccharides are water
soluble. These carbohydrates are frequently mixed intofloods to give them a
sweet taste. The role of carbohydrates is to provide energy, as they are the body’s
main source of fuel, needed for physical activity brain function and operation
of the organs
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