1. Which of the following conditions rather than
faulting
A. Low temperatures and low confining pressures
B. Low temperatures and high confining pressures
C. High temperatures and low confining pressures
D. High temperatures and high confining pressures
Ans: D. High temperatures and high confining pressures
-Folds usually form when pressure in one lateral
direction is greater than either pressure in the other lateral direction or
vertical pressure. Faults can form by directed pressure that is greatest in any
direction. High temperatures and high confining pressures favor folding. Both
of these conditions are found in the lower crust.
2. In which of the following climates will chemical
weathering be most rapid?
A. Hot and dry
B. Cold and dry
C. Hot and humid
D. Cold and humid
Ans: C. Hot and humid
-The extent and style of weathering is mainly controlled
by climate. Water is extremely important, even for physical weathering. The
more water present, the faster weathering occurs. Temperature is also
important. Warmer temperatures also promote faster reactions, so chemical
weathering is more effective in warm climates. Thus, warm, humid climates tend
to have the most rapid weathering.
3. Which of the following statements about weathering
is false?
A. Rock of different composition weather at different
rates.
B. Heat and heavy rainfall increase the rate of chemical
weathering.
C. The presence of soil slows down the weathering of the
underlying bedrock.
D. The longer a rock is exposed at the surface, the more
weathered becomes.
Ans: C. The presence of soil slows down the weathering of
the underlying bedrock.
-The soil is often a veneer on the landscape. It may not
be where the hydrologic actions is taking that influence the weathering of bedrocks.
4. Why do agricultural areas often experience the
greatest amount of soil erosion?
A. Because farms are typically located near streams
B. Because farmers usually remove trees from their fields
C. Because they typically occur in areas of moderately
steep slopes
D. Because farming usually involves plowing the soil to
plant seeds
Ans: D. Because
farming usually involves plowing the soil to plant seeds
-Agriculture is probably the most significant human
action that accelerates, or speeds up, erosion. Farmers first plow the land to
plant field of crops. This takes away the natural vegetative cover of an area
and replaces it with rows of crop plants mixed with bare areas.
5. What can happen
to global temperatures for several years after a volcanic eruption.
A. Temperatures may increase
B. Temperatures may decrease
C. Temperatures can create more volcanoes
D. Temperatures are not affected by volcanic eruptions
Ans: B. Temperatures may decrease
-Mt. Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines on June 15,
1991, and one month later Mt. Hudson in southern Chile also erupted. The
Pinatubo erupted produced the larger sulfur oxide cloud this century. The
combine aerosol plume of Mt. Pinatubo and Mt. Hudson diffused around the globe
in a matter of months. The data collected after this eruptions show that means
world temperatures decreased by about 1 degree Centigrade over the subsequent
two years. This cooling effect was welcomed by many scientists who saw it as a
counter-balance to global warming.
6. Which of the following correctly describe
diastrophism?
A. It refers to the boundaries between crustal plates.
B. It refers to a discredited theory of continent
formation.
C. It refers to all process in which magma moves from
Earth’s surface to or near the surface.
D. It refers to all the deformation of Earth’s crust by
bending or breaking in response to great pressures exerted either from below or
from within the crust.
Ans: D.
-Diastrophism refers to deformation of the Earth’s crust,
especially to folding and faulting. All processes that move, elevate or build
up portions of the earth’s crust come under diastrophism. There are various
theories of the cause of diastrophic movement such as being the result of
pressures exerted by convection currents in the mantle or the rise of magma
through the crust. Other deformations are caused by meteorite impact and
combinations of gravity and erosion such as landslides and slumping.
7. What is the evaporation of water from plant surface
especially through stomates?
A. Condensation
B. Perpiration
C. Respiration
D. Transpiration
Ans: D. Transpiration
-Transpiration is the process of water movement through a
plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as form leaves but also from
stems and flowers. Leaf surfaces are dotted with pores called stomata, and in
most plants they are more numerous on the undersides of the foliage.
8. Which of the following processes form clouds?
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
Ans: A. Condensation
-Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the
air is change into liquid water. It is crucial to the water cycle because it is
responsible for the formation of clouds.
9. Which of the following is/are a natural factors that
may disrupt the water cycle?
A. Water pollution
B. Drying of ground water
C. Mismanaged domestic and industrial use of water
D. Both A and C
Ans: A. Condensation
-Choices A and C are both man-made factors that may
disrupt the dydrologic cycle.
10. Fresh water is an integral part of hydrologic cycle.
How is it produced?
A. Condensation
B. Desalination
C. Evaporation
D. Transpiration
Ans: A. Brackish water
-Brackish water or briny water is water that has more
salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. It may result from
mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in
brackish fossil aquifers.
11. Fresh water is an integral part of hydrologic cycle.
How is it produced?
A. Condensation
B. Desalination
C. Evaporation
D. Transpiration
Ans: B. Desalination
-The Earth’s hydrologic cycle naturally desalinates water
using solar energy. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and land surfaces
leaving salts behind. The resulting freshwater vapor forms clouds that produce
precipitation, which falls resulting to earth as rain and snow and moves
through soils, dissolving minerals and becoming increasingly salty. The oceans
are salty because the natural process of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff
is constantly moving salt from the land to the sea, where it builds up over
time.
12. Which of the following is included in the term
hydrosphere?
A. All the water on the planet.
B. All the freshwater on the planet.
C. All water on the surface of the continents.
D. All the liquid water on the Earth, minus ice.
Ans: A. All of the water on the planet
-The hydrosphere is the liquid water component of the
Earth. It includes the oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. The
hydrosphere covers about 70% of the surface of the Earth and is the home for
many plants and animals.
13. What is the main difference between swamps and
marshes?
A. Trees versus grassland
B. High water table versus low
C. Salt water versus fresh water
D. Seasonality of precipitation
Ans: A. Trees vs. grassand
-Marsh is a type of wetland ecosystem characterized by
poorly drained mineral soils and by plant life dominated by grasses. Swamp is a
wetland ecosystem characterized by mineral soils with poor drainage and by
plant life dominated by trees.
14. Alake will become saline if____________.
A. lake levels decrease
B. precipitation exceeds evaporation
C. evaporation exceeds precipitation
D. the lake has no natural drainage outlet
Ans: D. the lake has no natural drainage outlet
-Salt lakes form when the water flowing into the lake,
containing salt or minerals, cannot leave because the lake is endorheic
(terminal). The water then evaporates, leaving behind any dissolved salts and
thus increasing its salinity.
15. What is the other name of typhoon?
A. Low pressure area
B. Hurricane
C. Tornado
D. Twister
Ans: Hurricane
-Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons are all the same weather
phenomenon; we just use different names for these storms in different places.
In the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, the term “hurricane” is used. The same
type of disturbance in the Northwest Pacific, is called a “typhoon” and
“cyclone” occur in the South Pacific and Indian ocean.
16. What is the difference among typhoon, a hurricane,
and a cyclone?
A. While typhoons are strong storms, cyclones are worse,
and hurricanes are the strongest of all.
B. Hurricanes spin clockwise, cyclone spin counter
clockwise, and typhoons are actually tidal waves.
C. Typhoons are found near the equator, hurricanes in the
midlatitudes ad typhoons in the arctic and antartic.
D. The storms are the same but the manes are used in the
Western Pacific North America and Indian Ocean, respectively.
Ans: D.
-Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons are all the same weather
phenomenon; we just use different names for these storms in different places.
In the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, the term “hurricane” is used. The same
type of disturbance in the Northwest Pacific, is called a “typhoon” and
“cyclone” occur in the South Pacific and Indian ocean.
17. Which one of these revolving weather is the
smallest?
A. Hurricane
B. Tornado
C. Tropical Cyclone
D. Typhoon
Ans: B. Tornado
-Tornado is a funnel of violently circulating air
connected from the ground to a large storm cloud. A tornado has a diameter of
anything between a few meters and 2 miles in extreme cases. Tornado generally
travel no more than few miles before dissipating, and can occur in most parts
of the world. Hurricanes, typhoons and tropical cyclones are all terms from
different parts of the world for a bing revolving tropical storm, typically
several hundred miles wide, emanating from the tropical oceans areas, and which
incidentally can obtain tornadoes when the storm moves over land. Hurricane
activity peaks when the difference between sea temperature and upper
atmospheric temperature is greatest, which to a certain extent produces
predictable repeating storm seasons according to the regions in which they
occur.
18. What happens when the rate of evaporation equals the
rate of condensation?
A. Clouds form.
B. Precipitation occurs.
C. The humidity decreases.
D. The dew point is reached.
Ans: D. The dew point is reached.
-Humidity depends on the rates of evaporation and
condensation. In general, the rate of evaporation increases. The rate of
condensation is determined by vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is that part of
total atmospheric pressure that is caused by water vapor. As vapor pressure
increases, the rate of condensation increases. When the rate of evaporation
equals the rate of condensation, the air is saturated with water molecules. The
temperature at which this balance happens is called the dew point. At temperatures
below the dew point, liquid water droplets form on a surface or on tiny
particles in the air.
19. Which is the cause of change of seasons?
A. The rotation of the Earth
B. The tilt Earth’s axis
C. The rain-shadow effect
D. The sizes and shapes of land surface features
Ans: B. The tilt of Earth’s axis
-Many believe Earth’s changing distance from the sun
causes the change in the seasons. Instead, Earth has seasons because our
planet’s axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees relative to our
orbit plane – the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun. The tilt in the axis
of the Earth is called obliquity.
20. What causes changes in weather?
A. Cloud formation
B. Water evaporation
C. Air humidity
D. Air masses interaction
Ans: D. Air masses interaction
-Change in weather are caused by the interaction of air
masses. An air mass is a large body of air that has similar temperature and
moisture content throughout.
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