Latest ENGLISH Reviewer 13

1. Which of the following is an example of a sentence fragment?

A. They fought

B. A family just moved in

C. The boy and the girl’ uncle

D. Quit it

ANS: C. The boy and the girl’ uncle

- All the other items are sentences.

2. In which of the following sentence does the verb “be” (is) function as the intensive verb or capula?

A. Don is annoying

B. Don is fooling

C. Don is annoying me

D. Don is going out of control

ANS: A. Don is annoying

- All other items used the verb is as an auxiliary verb

3. Which of the following are “optional constituents” of this sentence? “The kind history teacher surprised us with an extraordinary reward.”

A.  Kind, history, teacher

B. Kind, surprised, extraordinary

C. Kind, teacher, reward

D. Kind, history, extraordinary

ANS: D. Kind, history, extraordinary

-Deletion is the basic test for distinguish obligatory from constituents. Optional constituents may be deleted without affecting the grammatically of the sentence.

4. Which of the following Is the correct definition of a “phrase”?

A. A sequence of words that can function as a sentence constituent.

B. A sequence of words that contains only a subject and no predicate.

C. A sequence of words that contains only a predicate and no subject.

D. A sequence words that contains a subject and a predicate

ANS: A. A sequence of words that can function as a sentence constituent.

-The use of “only” made options B and C incorrect. Option D defines the sentence

5. Which of the following CANNOT function as intensive verbs?

A. Make

B. Seem

C. Turn

D. Remain

ANS: A. Make the other options functions as intensive verbs

- The other options are functions area verb.

6. Which of the following statements best qualifies as a “complex” sentence. “Jake dreads wild animals in the zoo”?

A. Obligatory Complement

B. Optional Modifier

C. Indirect Object

D. Optional Complement

ANS: B. Optional Modifier

- Optional constituents may be deleted without affecting the grammatically of the sentence

7. Which of the following statements best qualifies as a “complex” sentence?

A. Don’t make any comment unless you are fully aware of the issue.

B. I didn’t start this dispute and I don’t want to have anything to do with it.

C. You can wallow in your miseries or you can start over and move on

D. Jen likes her new house, but she doesn’t like the front yard

ANS: A. Don’t make any comment unless you are fully aware of the issue.

-All other options are compound sentences.

8. Which of the following sentence structures is “syntactically ambiguous”?

A. The mayor invited all city hall employees to his birthday dinner.

B. The columnist writes features articles on antique writing desks

C. The man with a tall hat sits rather uncomfortably at the dinner table

D. The valet looks imposing in his purple velvet vest

ANS: B. The columnist writes features articles on antique writing desks

-Is syntactically ambiguous of the occurrence of the phrase “on antique writing desk” which a dangling modifier.

9. In Chomsky’s Transformational Grammar, to what does a sentence’s “deep structure” refer?

A. The version of a sentence that we articulate and hear

B. The outward form of a sentence that we articulate and hear

C. The final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence

D. The abstract representation of a sentence

ANS: D. The abstract representation of a sentence

-the deep structure gives the semantic of the occurrence of the phrase ”on antique writing desk which a dangling modifier.

10. Which of the following concepts is NOT a concern of syntax?

A. Lexical categories

B. Smaller units called constitutes

C. Structural analysis

D. Distribution and function

ANS: A. Lexical categories

- Lexical categories relate to the words or vocabulary of a language

11. Which of the following statement is True with regard to the use of the present perfect tense?

A. A statement which was true in the past and still relevant to the present

B. A statement which was true in the past but no longer, or not necessarily, true at the moment of speaking

C. A statement which was true, or an action which was completed before another past action

D. A statement which became true in the past

ANS: A. A statement which was true in the past and still relevant to the present

- B and D are uses of the past tense. C is used in the Past Perfect tense.

12. Which of the following types of word does NOT fit into the category of determiners.

A.  Articles

B. Possessive

C. Preposition

D. Demonstrate

ANS: C. Preposition

- B and  D are special class of words that limit the noun that follow them.

- Preposition connect words to other parts of the sentence and have a close relationship with the word that follows, which us usually a Noun

13. Which of the following sentence/s depict/s a dative case?

A. Marga gave a donation to charity

B. The charity received a donation from marga

C. The university accepted an award from the accrediting organization

D. Sentence B and C dative

ANS: A. Marga gave a donation to charity

- The preposition to mark the dative (“receiver”) Function of charity letter B and C are in ablative case where the preposition from marks the ablative (“source”) function of Marga and the accrediting organization.

14. The following are basics simple sentence patterns in English EXCPEPT_______________.

A. subject + verb

B. subject + verb +object

C. subject+ verb+ indirect object +direct object

D. subject +object +verb

ANS: D. subject +object +verb

- Sentences A, B and C are basic simple sentence patterns in English

15. The following are linguistic mechanism that Halliday and Hasan (1976) point in order for texts to have cohesion EXCEPT __________.

A. reference

B. ellipsis

C. substitution

D. genre

ANS: D. genre

- Genre is refers to linguistic variation which is aligned to register.

16. What lexical process is exemplified by the following?

 Jo removed dust from the desk. = Jo dusted the desk.

A. Compound

B. Conversion

C. Polysemy

D. Derivational affixation

ANS: B. Conversion

-According to Celce- Murcia and Freeman (2008) Compounding is putting together existing words to form a new lexical unit. Derivational affixes that combine with stem forms to derive new words. Polysemy occurs when one form with the same part of speech has a range of meanings.

17. Which of the following is grammatical?

A. The burglar lurked

B. It fascinated the alarm clock

C. I don’t like this book.

D. Anyone who is a good friend must be trustful

ANS: C. I don’t like this book.

-Lurk is a verb that requires an adverb of location-a syntactic problem

Fascinate requires an animate object-a semantic problem

Trustworthy instead of trustful should be used.

18. The following sentence are considered ungrammatical EXCEPT ___________.

A.  William has bought it last Sunday

B. I’m believing you

C. Help! I will fall

D. Janice has lived with her parents for ten years

ANS: D. Janice has lived with her parents for ten years

- Letter A is incorrect because Present perfect is incompatible with a specific pas time adverbial like last Sunday which should go with the past tense

-Letter B is incorrect because Stative verb do not normally take the progressive

In Letter C the sentence “help”……..” sound strange because will expresses future intention at the moment of speaking. In this case, the speaker has no control of the action.

19. Which approach to grammar refers to the structure of language as it is actually used by speakers and writers?

A. Reference Grammar

B. Pedagogical Grammar

C. Descriptive Grammar

D. Prescriptive Grammar

ANS: C. Descriptive Grammar

- A descriptive Grammar is a set of rules about language based on how it is actually used

20. This sentence structure contains a “ditransive verb group”.

A. Max had replied to my letter

B. Max has turned a subtle shade of red

C. Max has huge spider

D. Max is giving his boss a headache

ANS: D. Max is giving his boss a headache

- Ditransitive verbs include both and direct object and indirect object

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