1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?
A. Cholesterol
B. Ergosterol
C. Sex hormone
D. Wax
Ans: Cholesterol. Egosterol and sex hormones re example of
steroids or steroids containing materials. Cholesterol is the most abundant
steroid in the body which serves as a major membrane component . ergosterol is
a yeast steroid in that is converted to Vitamin D by ultraviolet radiation. Sex
hormones control sexual characteristic and reproduction. Waxes are simple
lipids consisting of long chain and a fatty acid joined by esther.
2. Which describes the function of lipids in the body?
A. They regulate heat
B. They provide energy
C. They repair body tissue
D. They contain genetic body tissue
Ans: A. They regulate heat
- The layers of fat under the skin insulate the body when
temperature drop too far, layers of fat beneath the skin metabolize to raise
them.
3. Which level of protein structure is formed by the twisting
and turning of the amino acid chain?
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Teritiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
Ans: B. Secondary structure
- Structural features of proteins are usually characterized at
four levels of complexity. Primary structure is the linear arrangement of amino
acids forming a polypeptide. Secondary structure is produced by the twist and turns
of the amino acid chain. Tertiary structure is the final three-dimensional
structure of protein. Quaternary structure is the arrangement of polypeptide
chains in a protein that is produced from more than one chain.
4. Which carbohydrate is present in germinating seeds and is a
major sugar used in the brewing industry?
A. Fructose
B. Lactose
C. Maltose
D. Sucrose
Ans: C. Maltose
- Maltose is found in beer and is composed of two glucose. It also
provides energy in germinating seeds. Fructose or levulose is considered the
sweetest among the sugar,being twice as sweet as glucose and is found in
fruits, honey, and corn syrups. Sucrose commonly known as table sugar is a
combination of glucose and fructose and is considered as an combining glucose
and galactose.
5. Gylcogen is to carbohydrates as ____________________.
A. lipid is to fat
B. collagen is to protein
C. nucleic acid is to DNA
D. amino acid is to protein
Ans: B. collagen is to protein
- Glycogen or animal starch is a polysaccharide. Polysaccharide is
a type of carbohydrate. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body.
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein in the body. Amino acids the
building blocks of protein. DNA is part of nucleic acids.
6. What is the first step in staining a specimen on a microscope
slide?
A. Adding chemical fixative
B. Applying an appropriate stain
C. Treating the sample with a surfactant
D. Mounting the sample on a microscope slide
Ans: C. Treating the sample with a surfactant
- The main purpose of staining a specimen on a microscopic slide
is to get a better view. Of specimen. The stain usually colors one part of the
specimen, but not another part. By creating that color contrast it becomes
easier to view parts of the subject. The first step is permeabilization, which
is when the sample is treated with a surfactant. This chemical breaks down cell
walls and allows in larger molecules of dye.
The next step is fixation where a chemical fixative is added which will
create chemical bonds between proteins and enhance their rigidity. The samples
must then be mounted on a microscope slide, the samples may be grown directly
on the slide. The last step is applying an appropriate stain which color cells,
tissues and components.
7. Which biomolecule is composed of nitrogenous base, five
carbon sugar and one or more phosphate group?
A. Lipids
B. Lipids
C. Nucleic Acids
D. Protiens
Ans: C. Nucleic Acids
-Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides
area consist of components covalently bound together 1) a nitrogenous base
formed from rings of carbon and nitrogen which may be either a pyrimidine (one
ring0 or purine (two rings), 2 a five carbon ring shaped sugar (ribose or
deoxyribose), and 3) one two three phosphate groups.
8. How many amino acids and peptide bond’s does a deptide have?
A. 2 amino acids and 1 peptide bonds
B. 2 amino acids and 2 peptide bonds
C. 2 amino acids and 3 peptide bonds
D. 2 amino acids and 2 peptide bonds
Ans: A. 2 amino acids and 1 peptide bonds
- A peptide bond is a covalent chemical bond linking two
consecutive amino acid monomers along a protein chain. Two linked amino acids
form a dipeptide; three form a tripeptide; long chains of amino acid are
polypeptides.
9. Which correctly describes the two strands of the double helix
of the DNA?
A. They are coiled different
B. They are coiled over protein sheath
C. They are coiled around each other
D. They are coiled around a common axis
Ans: D. They are coiled around a common axis
- Double helix is the description of the structure if a DNA
molecule. A DNA molecule consist of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. The twin rails
of the ladder, also known as the sugar-phosphate backbones are alternating
units of deoxyribose and phosphate joined with covalent bonds. The two chains
are parallel to each other, but they area oriented in opposite directions. Like
the northbound and southbound lanes of highway.
10. Irvin wants to appear more muscular aside from going to the
gym which of biomolecule must be further added to his diet?
A. Carbohydrates
B, Lipids
C. Nucleic Acids
D. Protiens
Ans: D. Protiens
- Providing your body a contant supply of protein throughout the
entire day is necessary for optimum muscle growth. Protien is made up of amino
acids. Dietary protein s needed to supply amino acids for growth and
maintenance of the body muscles and tissue. Amino acids are the building blocks
of protein and play a major role in muscle repair and development of lean body
mass.
11. What is fat made of?
A. Alcohol linked by ester bonds to 3 fatty foods
B. Glycerol molecule linked by ester bonds to a fatty acid
C. Glycerol linked by linked by ester bonds to 3 fatty acids
D. Glycerol molecule linked by ester bonds to 4 fatty acids
Ans: C. Glycerol linked by linked by ester bonds to 3 fatty acids
- Fat is subgroup of lipid that is composed of one glycerol bonded
to three long hydrocarbon chains (fatty acids) hence, called triglyceride.
Enzymes link three fatty acids to one glycerol molecule, yielding three water
molecules per triglyceride.
12. Which elements make up carbohydrates?
I. Carbon
II. Hydrogen
III. Nitrogen
IV. Oxygen
A. I, II and III
B. I, II and IV
C. II, III and IV
D. I, II, II and IV
Ans: B. I, II and IV
- Carbohydrates are molecular compounds that consist of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. The common chemical formula for carbohydrates is Cn(H₂O)n,
where the ratios are usually 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 oxygen.
13. Which constitute almost the entire dry weight of nails,
claws, beak, horns, wool and large part of the outer layer.
A. Collagen
B. Elastin
C. Fibroin
D. Keratin
Ans: D. Keratin
- Keratin is a protein that forms hair, nails, horns, feathers ans
scales. Collagen the most abundant protein in the human body, forms bones,
tendons, ligaments and cartilage. Elastin an example is the produced by the
silkworm, Bombyx, mori.
14. Which of the following is found in RNA but NOT in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Phosphate
C. Thymine
D. Uracil
Ans: D. Uracil
- Uracil is one of the four nucleobase in the nucleic acid of RNA.
The other three are adenine, guanine and cytosine. In DNA , the uracil
nucleobase is replaced by thymine. Uracil I a demethylated form of thymine.
15. At room temperature, saturated fats are in __________ state.
A. sold
B. Liquid
C. gas
D. Semi-liquid
Ans: A. solid
- The state of matter of lipids relates with the structure of
fatty acids. Single bonds, as in the case of saturated fats, create a straight
molecule, which can be easily packed together to form a solid, while the double
bond, as in the case of unsaturated fats introduce a kink in the structure of
unsaturated fats ar more like crumple paper.
196. One side of DNA molecule contains AGTCCG sequence of
nucleotides. What would be the complementary sequence on the side?
A. GCCTGA
B. TCAGGGC
C. AGTCCG
D. CUGAAU
Ans: B. TCAGGGC
- The structure of DNA consist of two strands of nucleotides that
are paired together. One strand of DNA is the template from which the other one is built. The
nitrogenous bases of each nucleotides pair together in specific combination in
order to form the structure of DNA. Complementary base pairing is the key to
function of the DNA. Cytosin ( C ) bonds only with Guanine (G) while adenine
(A) bonds only with thymine (T)
17. Which is responsible in breaking down carbohydrates in its
components sugar molecule?
A. Condensation reaction
B. Hydrolysis
C. Glycoside bonding
D. Oxidation
Ans: B. Hydrolysis
- Carbohydrates can be linked together by glycodidic bonds which
can be cleaved by hydrolysis. Hydrolysis or saccharification means the cleavage
of chemical bonds by the addition of water. This is the key chemical rection in
the digestion or starchy foods.
18. A protein chemist would like to arrive at a precise
separation of proteins. Which of the following must be conduct?
A. Biuret test
B. Electrophoresis
C. Ninja test
D. Xanthoproteic test
Ans: B. Electrophoresis
- Electrophoresis is considered to be the most precise separation
technique available to the proteins chemist. This technique separates proteins
on the basis of a difference in size and a difference in charge. It operates on
the principle that charge particles move in an electric field. Protein
electrophoresis is used to identify the presence of abnormal proteins to
identify the absence of normal proteins, and to determine when different groups
of proteins are present in usually high or low amounts in blood or other body
fluids. The biuret test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of
peptide bonds. Ninhydrin is an extremely sensitive reagent for amino acids. The
xanthoproteic test using concentrated nitric acid.
19. Which is the first step of gene expression, in which a
particular segment of DNA is copied into m RNA by enzyme RNA polymerase?
A. Imitation
B. Elongation
C. Transcription
D. Translation
Ans: C. Transcription
- The biosynthesis of RNA is called transcription. When the
nucleotides sequence of one strands of DNA is transcribed into a single strand
RNA , genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA. It proceeds in much the
same fashion as the replication of DNA an as follows the basic pairing
principle. Translation is production of a polypeptide.
20. Which is TRUE about polymerization reactions in which
proteins area synthesized from amino acids?
A. The release energy
B. They are hydrolysis reactions
C. They result in the formation of water
D. They result in the formation of peptide bonds
Ans: C. They result in the formation of water
- Proteins and polyeptides are to be found in living organisms.
Polypeptides are formed by condensation polymerization reaction between two
amino acids. These two amino acids by a peptide link and realse a water
molecule.
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