Latest ENGLISH Reviewer 15

1. What truth relation is exemplified in this pair if sentence: Sentence A: The fisherman caught a fish,” Sentence B: The fisherman caught a milkfish.”?

A. Sentence A presupposes B.

B. Sentence B presupposes Sentence A.

C. Sentence A entails Sentence B.

D. Sentence B entails Sentence A

ANS: D. Sentence B entails Sentence A

- An entailment is a proposition that follows necessarily from another sentence; presupposition is a proposition that must b assumed to be true in order to judge  the truth or falsity of another sentence (Parker and Riley 2010). Only choice D can be accepted as logical since catching fish does not automatically validate the statement of catching a milkfish since a fish caught can be an eel a swordfish etc. The pair of sentence cannot either of the sentence. A possible preposition of Sentences A or B “There was a fish” If there wasn’t any fish in the pond or lake or any body of water then either Sentence A or B will be false.

2. What is the classification of the morpheme in each of the following linguistic data: INVERT, COVERT, REVERT, SUBVERT, DIVERT?

A. Grammatical bound morpheme

B. Lexical free morpheme

C. Grammatical free morphine

D. Lexical bound morpheme

ANS: D. Lexical bound morpheme

-The “vert” in the set of words is a morphemes that cannot stand alone. It is however a morpheme that carries meaning when inflected with other derivational morphemes.

3. Why does the word “take” when pronounced is different from the words “fake”, “vase” and “thank”?

A. All the three expressions have initial fricative segment.

B. All the three expressions have final voiced consonant

C. All the three expressions have final voiced consonant

D. All the three expressions have final voiceless stops

ANS: A. All the three expressions have initial fricative segment.

-The segment /f/, /v/ and /Ө/ in “fake”, vase” and “thank “ are [+fricative], /t/t in “take” is a stop.

4. The vowels in the words ”pet”, “but”, “say” and “sew” are ___________.

A. [+high]

B. [+low]

C. [-high] and [-low]

D. [+tense]

ANS: C. [-high] and [-low]

-All the vowel in the other words are mid vowel in the vowel chart is represented as  C. [-high] and [-low].

5. Let’s surviel the place. The morpheme surveil is a example of ___________.

A. root creation

B. derivation

C. back formation

D. clipping

ANS: C. back formation

- “Surveil” is a back formation  of the word “surveillance”

6. What is the morphological error in the following sentence: ‘The boys’ in the camp exercise are held in the morning. “?

A. Two derivational morphemes are used in the noun [boy]

B. The derivational morpheme is used before the inflectional morpheme

C. Two inflectional morphemes are used in the head noun of the noun phrase.

D. The inflectional morpheme is used before the derivational morpheme

ANS: C. Two inflectional morphemes are used in the head noun of the noun phrase.

- The inflectional morphemes [POSS] or possessive is inflected upon a noun phrase (Parker and Riley 2010). Therefore a noun phrase that is a combination of a noun and a prepositional phrase should be inflected after the prepositional phrase may be part of the noun phrase.

7. Which of the following is CORRECT?

A. A noun phrase always have an adjective and a prepositional phrase

B. A determiner and a noun are obligatory components of a noun phrase

C. A noun phrase must constitute a determiner, a qualifier or a verb phrase before a head noun

D. A noun in the phrase may have n adjective before it, or a determiner, or may be followed by a prepositional phrase.

ANS: D. A noun in the phrase may have n adjective before it, or a determiner, or may be followed by a prepositional phrase.

- In syntax the only obligatory component of a noun phrase is the noun. The determiner adjective and prepositional phrases may be part of the noun phrase.

8. In the phrase structure rules, a preposition phrases consist of a preposition followed by a _______.

A. noun

B. objective

C. noun phrase

D. clause

ANS: C. noun phrase

-A prepositional phrase is composed of a preposition and a noun phrase.

9. Which is a sense property in which two words have the same sense, or same values for all of their semantic features? Example “teacher” and “instruction”

A. Hyponymy

B. Deixis

C. Anaphora

D. Synonymy

ANS:  D. Synonymy

- Two expressions are synonymous because many or all of their semantic features are the same.

10. American: Are you a Filipino?

       Filipino: Yes, I am

       American: So you must a nurse.

What concept explains the conversation.

A. Referent

B. Extension

C. Prototype

D . Stereotype

ANS:  C. Prototype

- A prototype is a typical member of the extension of a referring expression. In the same manner when one speaks of a bird a robin a parrot or a sparrow come to mind. Her when one speaks a Filipino abroad one thinks of a nurse or other professions common to foreigners as representative of Filipino abroad.

                                                                                                                                  

11. After supper, the wife asked the husband, “Should I get you some ice cream?”. The husband responded, “Am I diabetic?” What conventional maximum is violated?

A. Manner

B. Relation

C. Quality

D. Quantity

ANS: C Quality

- The speaker’s contribution about his not being a diabetic seems to be relevant to the questions

12. What can be said about a polite expression such as, “Can you give me a glass of water?”

A. It is indirect illocutionary act

B. It a direct illocutionary act

C. It is an implied locutionary act

D. It is a non-literal locutionary act

ANS: A. It is indirect illocutionary act

- Polite expressions particularly directives acts tend to convey the illocutionary act indirectly. A direct illocutionary act of the statement is stated as, “Give me a glass of water “ Locutionary  act is the act of stating something. It specifically refers the sentence and its proposition.

13. In second language acquisition, what is the route to pidginization and fossilization of errors?

A. Nativization and assimilation

B. Nativization and accommodation

C. Denativization and assimilation

D. Denativization and accommodation

ANS: A. Nativization and assimilation

-Schuman proposed that pidginization in L2 acquisition results when learners fail to acculturate to the target language group that I when they are unable or unwilling to adapt to e new culture (Ellis, 2003). Further according to the Nativization model L2 acquisition  consist of two general processes: Nativizational  learner make the input conform to their own internalized view of what constitutes the L2 system the results of which is pidginization; whereas, in denativization; learners accommodate to an external  norm that is they adjust their  interlanguage systems (Ellis 1994)

14. Teacher Betty justifies the inclusion of grammar in her lessons. According to her it should be an integral part of the curriculum. What theories of second language acquisition explain teacher Betty’s justification?

A. Nativization Model

B. Accommodation Theory

C. Communicative Language Teaching

D. Monitor Model

ANS: D. Monitor Model

-Monitor hypothesis of the monitor Model of Stephen Krashen points out the importance of knowledge about the language in order to monitor or edit one’s language culture. Accommodation theory emphasizes the relevance of motivation and the ethnolinguistic variables in language acquisition. Communicative language teaching is approaches which emphasize authentic language use.

15. Teacher Judy examines the reading selection that she will discuss in her class. She reads the selection to check whether the language and vocabulary might be too difficult for the students to understand? What theory explains this?

A. i + 1 hypothesis

B. Scaffolding hypothesis

C. Readability test

D. Emergent literacy

ANS: A. i + 1 hypothesis

- Monitor Model propose the input hypothesis which explains that an input becomes an intake if its difficulty level is a step higher than the current abilities of the students.

16. A Filipino family to the US.  After 5 years, the child’s accent did typically Filipino. He did not learn the accent of the Americans. When his mother was asked why his son did not acquire the accent and facility to communicate in English, the mother responded, “he didn’t want to mingle with other children in the US. He always at home.” What explains this phenomenon?

A. Accommodation theory

B. Monitor model

C. Discourse Theory

D. Nativization Model

ANS: A. Accommodation theory

-Accommodation theory points out the importance of motivation and one’s positive interaction with the target language community. Motivation to interact and mingle with the  target language community will help a child acquire the language of the target language community.

17. Which of the following classes promotes the desired learning environment discussed in the learning-acquisition hypothesis of Monitor Model?

A. Teacher Judith teaches a substitution drills after discussion on grammatical structure.

B.  Teacher Michael conducts a speech choir, emphasizing correct intonation and pronunciation.

C. Teacher Ben shows a news clip from CNN and ask students questions

D. Teacher Lovely tells the class to write a letter following the correct format and structure.

ANS: C. Teacher Ben shows a news clip from CNN and ask students questions

-Learning acquisition hypothesis points out that acquisition takes place in a naturalistic setting. A tutored setting develops knowledge about the language.

18. The goals of this language teaching approach are learn grammar, vocabulary and culture. Teacher is the authority. He/She makes use of translation, deductive study of grammar, memorization of vocabulary. Which approach of language teaching described?

A. Grammar-translation approach

B. Natural approach

C. Community language learning approach

D. Direct approach

ANS: A. Grammar-translation approach

19. When of the following does NOT justify the use of communicative language teaching?

A. Within a social context, people need to perform certain task and functions.

B. Students perform well in class, but they are unable to perform communicative task outside the classroom.

C. Within a social context, people need to develop their cognitive abilities through authentic texts and content in language.

D. Students need to develop communicative competence as they enhance their linguistic competence.

ANS: C. Within a social context, people need to develop their cognitive abilities through authentic texts and content in language.

-The development of cognitive abilities in language teaching is associated with teaching English through content. ESP and CBI focus on the use of authentic texts content for language learning.

20. Teacher Mary learned in her graduate degree class that language learning could also be a result of cognitive processes, or the act of knowing something. Which of the is a result of this principle?

A. Content –based instruction

B. Desuggestopedia

C. Peripheral learning

D. Total physical response

ANS: A. Content –based instruction

- CBI is a result of the cognitive revolution in language teaching

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