Latest Biological Science Reviewer 13

1. Which of the following animals has NOT been known to transmit rabies to humans?

A. Bat

B. Fox

C. Raccoon

D. Rodent

Ans: D. Rodent

- Rabies is a virus that commonly infects mammals. It is transmitted through animal bites bats, foxes, raccoons, skunks, cats, dogs and rabbits are some animals with rabies small rodents have been known yet to transmitted rabies to humans.

2. Which proves that various organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

I. When the temperature of the body is greater than the surroundings.

II. The body gains heat by radiation and conduction if the temperature of the body is cool the head off.

III. The systems of blood vessels comprising the head allows excess heat to escape and cool the head off.

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. I, II  and III

Ans: D. I, II  and III

- When equilibrium within the body is maintained homeostasis is said to occur. The human body maintains a steady internal environment for the proper functioning f the body.

3. Which explains homeostasis?

A. Excess heat in the body

B. Regulation of room temperature

C. Maintenance equilibrium in the body

D. Abrupt changes in the internal environment for the proper functioning of the body.

Ans: C. Maintenance equilibrium in the body

- When equilibrium within the body maintains a steady internal environment for the proper functioning of the body

4. How does the body maintain homeostatis?

I. By removing excess water when blood which are then  excreted as urine

II. By absorbing excess water blood is diluted

III. By losing heat through the skin  when temperature of the body is greater than the surroundings

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. I, II and III

Ans: D. I, II and III

- When the temperature of the body is greater than the surroundings, the skin loses heat. The body gains heat by radition and conduction if the temperature of the body is lower the temperature of the body is lower than the suroundings. Evaporation is alo known a means of cooling the body temperature and getting rid of excess heat.

5. Which of the following is NOT part of the mechanism in homeostatic regulation?

A. Control Center

B. Effector

C. Feedback

D. Receptor

Ans: C. Feedback

- Homestatic regulation is comprised of three parts ; a receptor a control center and an effector. The receptor functions by receiving information about any changes that are occurring in the environment while the control center process that information and the effector executes the commands of the control center by making changes in response.

6. When the temperature of the body is greater than the surroundings, how does the body maintain homeostatis?

A. By conduction

B. By manual exercise

C. Feedback

D. By radiation

Ans: C. By persipiration

-As a warm-blooded creatures, humans constantly maintain a set temperature of their internal environment. Variuos thermal organs and organ system within the body regulate the body thermally. Liver and muscle contractions are primarily responsible for generating heat within the body. When temperature of the body is greater than the surroundings, the skin loses heat The body gains heat by radiation and conduction if the temperature of the body is lower than the surroundings. Evaporation is also a means of cooling down the system of blood vessels and getting rid of excess heat. The brain also produce a lot of heat. The system of blood vessels comprising the lead allow the excess heat to escape and cool the head off.

7. Which CORRETLY explains the regulation of sugar level. In the body?

I. A drop in sugar levels initiates the pancreas to release insulin causing glucose to be stored in the body cells as glycogen. As a result blood sugar levels within the body are lowered.

II. When the blood sugar levels reach a low, glucagon is released from the pancreas which causes the release of glycogen from the body cells which is then converted to glucose raising blood sugar levels.

III. Insulin helps control blood. Insulin therefore helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy. If the body has sufficient energy, insulin signals the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen.

A. I, II and III

B. II and III

C. I and II

D. I and III

Ans: A. I, II and III

-Sugar levelwithin the body are also regulated to maintain homeostasis. The pancreas secretes two hormones essential to regulating blood sugar levels. These are glucagon and insulin. A drop in sugar levels initiates the pancreas to release insulin causing glucose to be stored in the body cell s as glycogen. As a result blood sugar levels within the body are lowered. When the blood sugar reach a low, glucagon is released from the pancreas which causes the release of glycogen from the body cells which is then converted to glucose raising blood sugar levels. Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver and muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. Insulin therefore helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy. If the body has sufficient energy insulin signals the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen.

8. Which statement about insulin is TRUE?

A. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high or too low.

B. Insulin keeps  the blood sugar from getting high

C. Insulin keeps the blood sugar from getting low.

D. Insulin regulates calcium level in the blood

Ans: A. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high or too low.

- Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates I the food tha you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia)

9. How does the kidney help to maintain homoestatis in humans?

A. By stimulating pancreas to pancreas insulin

B. By releasing glucagon to raise blood sugar levels

C. By increasing blood calcium levels by release of the calcium from the bones

D. By removing excess ions from the blood which are then excreted as uninque

Ans: D. By removing excess ions from the blood which are then excreted as uninque

- The main job of the kidneys is to regulate the amount of water in the body and balance the concentration of minerals ions in the blood. They also get rid of waste products, especially a nitrogen-containing compound called urea. At the same time they hold on to useful substances such as glucose and protein so none is lost from the body. Because of their role in filtering fluids and wastes through the bod, your kidneys are considered a major homeostatic organ of your body.

10. Which proves/s that antagonistic mechanism produce homestatic regulation?

I. Some regulators lower pH while others increase it.

II. Some effectors increase body temperature while others lowers it.

II. There are hormones that reduce the level of glucose in the blood while others the glucose levels.

A. I, II and III

B. II and III

C.  I and II

D. I and III

Ans: A. I, II and III

-The homeostatic maintenance of the body mostly occurs by means of alternating antagonist compensatory mechanism. Some of these regulators lower pH while others increase it. Furthermore, there are effectors whose function is to increase body temperature and others that lower it. Likewise, there are exist hormones that reduce  the level of glucose in the blood for example and others that increase the  glucose levels. The use of antagonistic mechanism is an evolutionary strategy to solve the problem of the maintenance of the equilibrium in the body.

11. Which carry out actions that regulate and maintain the equilibrium of the body?

A. Controllers

B. Effectors

C. Sensors

D. Nervous system

Ans: B. Effectors

- Homeostatic sensors are structure that detect environmental information inside and outside the body. These sensors may be nervous receptor cells, cytoplasmic or membrane proteins or  other specialized molecules. Controllers are structure responsible for processing and interpreting information received from the sensors. In general, controllers are specialized regions of the central nervous system. However they also exist on the molecular level, like in the case of DNA, a molecule that can receive information from proteins to inhibit or boost the expression of certain genes. Effectors are elements commanded by the equilibrium of the body including in muscles, glands, cellular organelles etc. as well as structures that participate in genetic translation, production of proteins, etc., on the molecular level.

12. Authors act as produce and are critical for all ecosystem. Without these organisms energy would not be available to other living organisms and life itself would not be possible. Are these statements TRUE?

A. Yes

B. No

C. Partly true

D. More true than false but not entirely correct

Ans: A. Yes

-Autoare organism capable of synthesizing its own food from organic substances using light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae and certain bacteria are autotrophs. Without this organisms energy would not be available to other living organism and life itself would not be possible.

13. Which refers to the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the cells organisms?

A. Anabolism

B. Catabolism

C. Metabolism

D. Homeostatis

Ans: C. Metabolism

-Metabolism refers to the bio-chemical reactions that take place in an organism to sustain life. Consist of two processes – Catabolism and Anabolism.

14. How do anabolism and catabolism differ?

A. In anabolism simple compounds are transformed into organic molecule while in the catabolism organic molecules are broken down into simpler substance.

B. In catabolism simpler compounds are transformed into organic molecules while in anabolism organic molecules are broken down into simpler substances

C. Anabolism release energy while catabolism consumes energy.

D. Both A and C

Ans: A. In anabolism simple compounds are transformed into organic molecule while in the catabolism organic molecules are broken down into simpler substance.

- The metabolism is comprised of two opposing process: anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism is a set of synthesis reactions that transform simpler and less complex substances, normally releasing energy. The energy released in Catabolism may be used in vital processes of the body, includnganabolism.

15. Which terms refers to the breaking down of food molecules to released the stored chemical energy?

A. Cellular respiration

B. Metabolism

C. Oxidative Phosphorylation

D. Pyruvate oxidation

Ans: A. Cellular respiration

- Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of “food” molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration but glucose is most commonly used as an example to examine the reactions and pathways involved.

16. Which statement/s on reproduction is/are CORRECT?

I. Sexual reproduction means combining genetically identical to the one parent

II. Asexual reproduction produce offspring genetically identical to the one parent

III. Asexual reproduction is a slow process

IV. In asexual reproduction cells divided by fission, budding or regeneration

A. I and II only

B. II, III, and IV only

C. I, II and IV only

D. I, II, III  and IV

Ans: C. I, II and IV only

-Sexual reproduction means combining genetic material from two parents in sexual reproduction, parents produce reproductive parents produce reproductive cells known as gametes that unite to form an offspring. Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical  to the one parent. Asexual reproduction can be very rapid. This is advantage for many organism. It allows them to crowd out other organism that reproduce more slowly. These are several different methods of asexual reproduction. They included binary fission, fragments and budding.

17. Which is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

A. Requires less energy

B. Takes time to complete the process

C. Requires two organism requires more energy

D. No variation- if the parent has a genetic disease, offspring does, too.

Ans: D. No variation- if the parent has a genetic disease, offspring does, too.

	Asexual Reproduction	Sexual Reproduction
Number of organism	One parent needed	Two parent are required to mate
Cell division	Cells divided by Fission, budding or regeneration	Ells divided by Meiosis
Types	Budding, vegetative reproduction, fragmentation spore formation	Syngamy and conjugation
Advantage	Time Efficient, no need to search for male, requires lass energy	Variation, Unique, organism os more protected
Disadvantage	No variation – if the parent has a genetic disease, off spring does too.	Requires two organism requires more energy
Evolution	There is very little change of variation with asexual reproduction. Mutations in DNA can still occur but not nearly as frequent as in sexual reproduction	Sexually reproduction leads to genetic variation in a new generation of offspring. This is fundamental to evolution
Involvement of sex cells	No formation or fusion of gametes (sex cell)	Formation and fusion of gametes (sex cell) occurs
Found in	Lower organism	Higher intervertebrates and all vertebrates
Unit of reproduction	May be whole parent body o a bud or fragment or a single somatic  cell	Gamete
Time taken	Asexual reproduction is completed in a very short period of time.	Sexual reproduction can be take several minutes
Number of  offspring	Tow or more	One or more

18. Where is there a very little chance of variation?

A. In asexual reproduction

B. In sexual reproduction

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A or B

Ans: A. In asexual reproduction

- See the table in the previous item

19. Which is/are TRUE of sexual reproduction?

I. Higher possibility of variation of offspring which leads to greater adaptation and protection

II. Takes place in all vertebrates

II. Takes place in all vertebrates

III. Example are binary fission, budding and spore formation

A. I and II

B. II and III

C. I and III

D. I, II and III

Ans: A. I and II

- See the table in the previous item

20. Which are examples of vestigial organs in humans?

A. I. Coccyx

II. Appendix

III. Teeth

IV. Eyebrows

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. II and IV

Ans: A. I and II

-Vestigial organs are adaptation that have become useless. Humans, vestigial organs include the  appendix though to be left over from when the human diet was primarily vegetation the coccy, a vestigial tail, and gill slits are found in human embyos, though embryos, never breathe through them.

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